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Natural gas and petroleum in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is the seventh-largest producer of natural gas in Asia.〔(U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) )〕 Gas supplies meet 56% of domestic energy demand.〔 However, the country faces an acute energy crisis in meeting the demands of its vast and growing population. Bangladesh is a net importer of crude oil and petroleum products.〔 The energy sector is dominated by state-owned companies, including Petrobangla and the Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation. Chevron, ConocoPhilips, Statoil,〔(ConocoPhillips, Statoil awarded deep-sea gas exploration deal in Bangladesh )〕 Gazprom〔(Gazprom hits more gas in Bangladesh - Pipeline Magazine )〕 and ONGC〔(ONGC signs contracts to explore for oil, gas off Bangladesh | Reuters )〕 are major international companies engaged in Bangladesh's hydrocarbon industry; with Chevron's gas fields accounting 50% of natural gas production.〔http://www.chevron.com/documents/pdf/bangladeshfactsheet.pdf〕
Geologists believe the country's maritime exclusive economic zone holds one of the largest oil and gas reserves in the Asia-Pacific.〔(Bangladesh: Asia’s New Energy Superpower? | The Diplomat )〕 Protectionism and a lack of technical capacity have impeded Bangladesh's potential to emerge as a major global hydrocarbon producer.
==History==
The British Raj-era province of Eastern Bengal and Assam was one of the world's earliest petroleum producers due to the discovery of oil and gas deposits in Assam, which included the Sylhet region.〔(Gas, Natural - Banglapedia )〕 The Indo-Burma Petroleum Company drilled the first oil wells in Eastern Bengal between 1908 and 1914 in Chittagong District.〔 The Burmah Oil Company discovered the first gas field in East Bengal in 1955.〔 Industrial use of natural gas began in 1959.〔 The Shell Oil Company and Pakistan Petroleum discovered seven major gas fields in the 1960s.〔(:: Petrobangla )〕
After the Bangladesh Liberation War, the first government of Bangladesh led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, with Dr. Kamal Hossain as Minister of Energy, enacted the Bangladesh Petroleum Act in 1974.〔 The government welcomed many international oil companies to explore the country. It established Petrobangla as the national mineral resources company. Petrobangla accelerated exploration activities in 1980s and discovered nine major gas fields; and also established the first commercial oil facility in Haripur in 1986.〔 The Jalalabad, Maulvi Bazar, Bibiyana and Bangura-Lalmai gas fields were tapped in the 1990s by numerous multinational oil and gas companies, including Shell and Unocal. The energy giant Chevron acquired the assets of Unocal in Bangladesh in 2005.〔(Chevron completes Unocal deal; purchase spells end of 115-year-old oil company - bdnews24.com )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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